Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1. A Bit of History
1.2. Approach to Subject
1.3. Outline of Book
Chapter 2 Preliminaries: Definitions and Paraxial Optics
2.1. Sign Conventions
2.2. Paraxial Equation for Refraction
2.3. Paraxial Equation for Reflection
2.4. Two-Surface Refracting Elements
2.5. Two-Mirror Telescopes
2.6. Stops and Pupils
2.7. Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Chapter 3 Fermat's Principle: An Introduction
3.1. Fermat's Principle in General
3.2. Fermat's Principle and Refracting Surfaces
3.3. Wave Interpretation of Fermat's Principle
3.4. Fermat's Principle and Reflecting Surfaces
3.5. Conic Sections
3.6. Fermat's Principle and the Atmosphere
3.7. Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Introduction to Aberrations
4.1. Reflecting Conies and Focal Length
4.2. Spherical Aberration
4.3. Reflecting Conies and Finite Object Distance
4.4. Off-Axis Aberrations
4.5. Aberration Compensation
References
Bibliography
Chapter 5 Fermat's Principle and Aberrations
5.1. Application to Surface of Revolution
5.2. Evaluation of Aberration Coefficients
5.3. Ray and Wavefront Aberrations
5.4. Summary of Aberration Results, Stop at Surface
5.5. Aberrations for Displaced Stop
5.6. Aberrations for Multisurface Systems
5.7. Curvature of Field
5.8. Aberrations for Decentered Pupil
5.9. Concluding Remarks
Appendix A: Comparison with Seidel Theory
References
Bibliography
Chapter 6 Reflecting Telescopes
6.1. Paraboloid
6.2. Two-Mirror Telescopes
6.3. Alignment Errors in Two-Mirror Telescopes
6.4. Three-Mirror Telescopes
6.5. Four-Mirror Telescopes
6.6. Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Chapter 7 Schmidt Telescopes and Cameras
7.1. General Schmidt Configuration
7.2. Characteristics of Aspheric Plate
7.3. Schmidt Telescope Example
7.4. Achromatic Schmidt Telescope
7.5. Solid- and Semisolid-Schmidt Cameras
References
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Catadioptric Telescopes and Cameras
8.1. Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescopes
8.2. Cameras with Meniscus Correctors
8.3. All-Reflecting Wide-Field Systems
References
Chapter 9 Auxiliary Optics for Telescopes
9.1. Field Lenses, Flatteners
9.2. Prime Focus Correctors
9.3. Cassegrain Focus Correctors
9.4. Cassegrain Focal Reducers
9.5. Atmospheric Dispersion Correctors
9.6. Fiber Optics
References
Bibliography
Chapter 10 Diffraction Theory and Aberrations
10.1. Huygens-Fresnel Principle
10.2. Perfect Image: Circular Aperture
10.3. The Near Perfect Image
10.4. Comparison: Geometric Aberrations and the Diffraction Limit
10.5. Diffraction Integrals and Fourier Theory
References
Bibliography
Chapter 11 Transfer Functions; Hubble Space Telescope
11.1. Transfer Functions and Image Characteristics
11.2. Hubble Space Telescope, Prelaunch Expectations
11.3. Hubble Space Telescope, Postlaunch Reality
11.4. Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Chapter 12 Spectrometry: Definitions and Basic Principles
12.1. Introduction and Definitions
12.2. Slit Spectrometers
12.3. Fiber-Fed Spectrometers
12.4. Slitless Spectrometers
12.5. Spectrometers in Diffraction Limit
References
Bibliography
Chapter 13 Dispersing Elements and Systems
13.1. Dispersing Prism
13.2. Diffraction Grating; Basic Relations
13.3. Echelles
13.4. Grating Efficiency
13.5. Fabry-Perot Interferometer
13.6. Fourier Transform Spectrometer
13.7. Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Chapter 14 Grating Aberrations; Concave Grating Spectrometers
14.1. Application of Fermat's Principle to Grating Surface
14.2. Grating Aberrations
14.3. Concave Grating Mountings
References
Bibliography
Chapter 15 Plane Grating Spectrometers
15.1. All-Reflecting Spectrometers
15.2. Pixel Matching
15.3. Fast Spectrometers
15.4. Fiber-Fed Spectrometers
15.5. Echelle Spectrometers
15.6. Nonobjective Slitless Spectrometers
15.7. Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Chapter 16 Adaptive Optics: An Introduction
16.1. Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence
16.2. Correction of Wavefront Distortion
16.3. Adaptive Optics: Systems and Components
16.4. Concluding Remarks
References
Bibliography
Chapter 17 Detectors, Signal-to-Noise, and Detection Limits
17.1. Detector Characteristics
17.2. Signal-to-Noise Ratio
17.3. Detection Limits and Signal-to-Noise Ratio
17.4. Detection Limits: Stellar Photometry
17.5. Detection Limits: Spectroscopy
References
Bibliography
Chapter 18 Large Mirrors and Telescope Arrays
18.1. Large Mirrors
18.2. Telescope Arrays; Interferometers
References
Bibliography
