The Universal Book of Mathematics By David Darling free download

Download this book From filefactory.com it's completely free

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2004 by David Darling. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,

or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under

Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either

the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through

payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center,

222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600,

permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley &

Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax

(201) 748-6008.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and the author

have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no

representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of

the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of

merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be

created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The

advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation.

You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the

publisher nor the author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other

commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental,

consequential, or other damages.

For general information about our other products and services, please contact

our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974,

outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content

that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more

information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Darling, David J.

The universal book of mathematics : from abracadabra to Zeno’s paradoxes /

David Darling.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-471-27047-4 (cloth: alk. paper)

1. Mathematics—Encyclopedias. I. Title.

QA5 .D27 2004

510'.3—dc22 2003024670

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for

Mathematics is not a careful march down a

well-cleared highway, but a journey into a strange

wilderness, where the explorers often get lost. Rigor

should be a signal to the historian that the maps have

been made, and the real explorers have gone elsewhere.

—William S. Anglin

But leaving those of the Body, I shall proceed to such

Recreation as adorn the Mind; of which those of the

Mathematicks are inferior to none.

—William Leybourn (1626–1700)

The last thing one knows when writing a book is what

to put first.

—Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)

Contents

Introduction 1
Mathematics Entries A to Z 3
References 359
Solutions to Puzzles 369
Category Index 373